Graduation Speech: The Future is Bright :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Our most distinguished guests, beloved parents, members of the faculty of County High take aim, fellow members of the graduating class, ladies and gentlemen, good afternoon.Four years ago, a new high take aim was established in the County area. Its establishment created mixed feelings. and expectations from the community. Questions such as What kind of a high school could this be? Would this be able to deal academic excellence as well as social and cultural values which most parents would like their children to internalize and live with? Would this be able to provide for the balanced development of a childs intellectual and artistic faculties? Would this institution be able to turn out students who could be responsible leaders, and patriotic citizens of the United States of America citizens who could uphold the ideology many Americans had fought and died for?My fellow members of the class of 2012, after four years of being nurtured under the wings of that institution which is no other than our beloved Alma mat of County High School, it is with pride and privilege that I say Yes, rather, we say Yes -- County High School has met the communitys expectations on the quality of graduates it could yield. We, the members of the class of 2012, are the epitome of what County High School is as training grounds for young adults and future leaders of our community and of our country. Our achievements as students in the last four years all attest to this lawful claim.Yes, we are the proud graduates of County High School and to all my fellow graduates, please accept my warmest greetings on this momentous day.Next weeks commencement exercises will mark the realization of our high school dreams and achievements, the dawning of new challenges and opportunities to pursue college education, and setting the vision for our own professional development. Equally deserving, I would also like to congratulate and draw out our heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to our parents, t eachers and administrators, with whom we proudly share our achievements and our joys. This diploma is our gift to you who have cooperatively worked together to see us through four years at Washington High School. To our parents, your immense love and support had provided us with strength and determination to go on when in our youth we did not know which path to take we could not discern what was appropriate and not in those critical moments of indecision, you were always there to offer the best for us in our painful moments of dismissal as well as our hard fought victories you were there to encourage and protect us.

Essay --

Plum Island is a fictional novel about a convalescing New York Police homicide detective named behind Corey, who gets involved in a multiple murder investigation while he is supposed to be recovering from serious wounds. whoremonger is originally working(a) as a consultant for the small township, where an old friend of his is the old-timer of Police, but when he is relieved of this position, he continues the investigation on his own. Eventually the county detective assigned to solve the case, Beth Penrose, invites him to collaborate with her and the team solves the original double murder, and all of the murders committed by the same man, Frederic Tobin. derriere Corey is relaxing on his Uncle Harrys deck when Sylvester Maxwell, Chief of the local police, asks John to accompany him to the murder scene. Tom and Judy Gordon, biologists at the nearby Plum Island biological animal research center, and recent friends of John, have both been panorama in the head on the deck of their h ome. John meets Detective Beth Penrose of the Suffolk County Sheriffs Office, Foster of the FBI, and a man named Ted Nash who says he is from the Department of Agriculture but turns out to be a CIA agent.The initial investigation focuses on the Gordons stealing a virus from the Plum Island facility and selling it to a foreign government. To this end, the team of Nash, Foster, John, Beth and Max be taken on a lengthy tour of the facility, including the uninhabited part of the island that contains a revolutionary war era abandoned fort. While on the tour, John and the team meet the head of security, Paul Stevens. They also learn that the Gordons were involved in researching a vaccine for Ebola, were amateur archeologists, and had free reign to bring their sauceboat to and from work ... ... John and Beth take Tobins boat to the ferry dock and Max meets them there. John heads for Manhattan to face the wrath of his NYPD supervisor. At his home, he finds a letter from the Gordons, crea te verbally before their murder, verifying everything he has now discovered. John goes to meet with his supervisors and negotiate a way out of the trouble he is in for disobeying orders.The last chapter shows John teaching homicide investigation, as a retired police officer. It is several months after the Plum Island incident, and he misses the police force, but accepts what needed to happen. He is also unattached. John is impress to se that Beth Penrose has enrolled in his course of instruction. She catches him up on the latest from Suffolk County, and is gently offering to be in his life again. While he initially resists, he announces to the class that he is taking her for drinks that night.

Jealousy and Love in The Lady, or the Tiger? by Frank R. Stockton Essay

Jealousy and Love in The Lady, or the Tiger? by Frank R. Stockton Women give do almost anything for love, to be loved, or to keep love. That is their mission. When women become jealous, however, the love they want to hold onto disappears, becomes selfishness, and one does not know if it is love anymore. In the short tier The Lady, or the Tiger? written by Frank R. Stockton, a getup barbaric princess motions which door her lover, the accused man, must open to either receive penalization or a reward. The punishment is to be devoured by a fierce tiger and the reward is to be married to a lovely damsel of the court. This semi barbaric princess loves the man and chooses which door the man deserves to open. Like many women in love, this princess would not dare to let another woman take her lover aside from her. Instead, jealousy takes over and the door that opens will emerge a tiger because she will go berserk to see her man happy with another woman, and will prefer to have him ea ten by a tiger and await the princess herself on a heavenly earth. According to Frank R. Stockton, he states, How in her grievous reveries has she gnashed her teeth and torn her hair, when she saw his start of rapturous delight as he opened the door of the lady (150). Obviously, this describes her frenzied actions as the lovely damsel appears at the door on the right. If she leads her lover to the door with the damsel behind it, this princess will be green with envy to see him happily marrie...

Task One Automated Teller Machines :: Computer Science

Task One Automated Teller Machines1. See diagram over page for Input and output devicesThis kind of porthole is an interactive interface with simplytons. Ithink this would be improved considerably and the ways that I thinkwill be improved by more(prenominal) security on the machines. I think they willhave devices like retina s backs, voice activation and thumbprints. Atthe moment the only security is PINS and accounts but they can be stolenand I think they will improve the security more.2. The impact for a customer obtaining cash is called transactionprocessing in corporeal period.This kind of processing is called transaction processing. If the cashwithdrawal is required, the customer enters the amount they want fromthe machine. This is then checked against the balance of the accountand if funds are functional of the account, the machine dispensesmoney. Also at the same the amount from the account is subtracted fromthe balance on the customers record on the bank computer. Whe n itsfinished the card releases back the card to the customer.IMAGEOther services are available are withdrawal of cash, orderingof statements, requests for new chequebooks and obtaining the balanceof the account.AdvantagesDisadvantagesTo the BankEmploys fewer peopleHigh level of security essentialIt is cheaper than paying staffHackers could break into the machinesLess need to build banks and money could be utilise elsewhereEmployees loose their jobs.To the customerIt is fast.Credit cards could be stolenIt can be accessed anytimeThe magnetic strips can be damaged by the ATMThey can get it anywhereThe card has to be replaced from time to time3. Bank cards, credit and debit cardsDiagram front and backPIN stands for Personal Identification Number, it acts like apassword, and the user enters it to the ATM keypad to verify that theyare the account holder. The PIN helps to reduce fraud.The information stored on the magnetic strip is account numbers, banksort code, system number, cheque figure of speechTask two - Cheque clearingThere are three sets of numbers printed along the bottom of the chequeusing magnetic ink and machines can automatically read these numbers.MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, it works byinputting special ink onto cheques and the ink then is magnetised. Thelimits are that very few characters could be recognised but it can beread quite fast. The special ink then is recognised by using a processcalled MICR. Its used on cheques because it has high security and ifthe special has been tampered on, the computer can still read the dataon the special magnetised ink.The cheque clearing process is called Transaction Processing it

A Case Analysis of Calyx and Corolla Essay -- Flower Companies Busines

A Case Analysis of Calyx and CorollaThis analysis focuses on the case study of Calyx & Corolla, a mail order flower company.Calyx & Corolla is a relatively new company that utilizes a different distribution channel than conventional companies for fresh flowers. Calyx & Corolla mails flowers direct from the growers to the customers via national Express and eliminates the middleman (Appendix A). This permits Calyx & Corolla to provide fresher, longer-lasting flowers to consumers. The management of Calyx & Corolla is contemplating a change in their long-term business strategy as they examine their ability to compete with to a greater extent traditional outlets such as retail flower shops and wire services like FTD. Ruth Owades, the founder of Calyx & Corolla, has hired Marketing Consultants (MarCo) to assess the strengths and weaknesses of her business and take a crap recommendations on how her company can fully develop their mail order concept.BackgroundCalyx & Corolla is a small mai l order flower company that was founded in 1988 by RuthOwades. Ms. Owades secured $2 jillion in capital from approximately 18 different investors in order to launch the company. By 1991, Calyx & Corolla exceeded $10 million in annual sales and Owades and her associates were reassessing the firms long-term growth strategy (Wylie and Salmon, 1991). Up to this point, Calyx & Corolla was primarily a mail order company, but management is now considering expanding their securities industry and is unsure of how they should proceed. Recently, a well-financed venture capital-backed start-up failed and Calyx & Corolla acquired some of its assets. Another unproven competitor recently entered the market, financed by a large Japanese conglomerate.The companys success is primarily referable to a few key employees. Ruth Owades plays amajor part in the selection and pricing of flowers and other merchandise that appears in the catalog. Fran Wilson, the vice hot seat of operations, is responsible for customer orders and service, day-to-day communications with growers, systems development, and finance. Ann Hayes Lee is responsible for merchandise development and catalog creation and production. She is also responsible for non-direct mail initiatives that argon aimed at accelerating the growth of the business. Calyx & Corolla espouses the values and creativity of these individuals and their employees. Taking into consi... ...ists will cost $20C&C could find (1000) floral shops interested in sell C&C products at a substantial profit.C&C would allow floral shops to keep 30% of the saleParticpating floral shops would sell (1) C&C product per weekThe average sale at the florist shop would be $47.63 (from Appendix B)The average COGS at the florist shop would be $10.95 (from Appendix B)Sales RevenueEstimated C&C Estimated Floral Shop add up of Rate of Number of Sales Revenue Sales RevenueCatalogs customer Orders per Order per Order Distributed Response Received $47.63 x 0.7 Ave rage Sale $47.63 x 0.3 Average Sale1000 52 52000 $1,733,732 $743,028cost of Goods Sold (COGS)Number of Rate of Number of EstimatedCatalogs Customer Orders Cost of goods soldDistributed Response Received $10.95/sale1000 52 52000 $569,400Florist Derived Catalog Business Sales and score Costs (SMC)Number of Production & Number of Costs for Costs for Total Sales &Catalogs Mail Costs Order Shipping Handling Marketing CostsDistributed $20/Catalog Received Orders Orders per Group1000 $20,000 52000 $468,000 $260,000 $748,000Sales Revenue - COGS - SMC for Catalog Sales for C&C = $416,332

A Case Analysis of Calyx and Corolla Essay -- Flower Companies Busines

A Case Analysis of Calyx and CorollaThis analysis focuses on the case study of Calyx & Corolla, a arms order flower company.Calyx & Corolla is a relatively rising company that utilizes a different distribution channel than conventional companies for fresh flowers. Calyx & Corolla mails flowers direct from the growers to the customers via Federal Express and eliminates the middleman (Appendix A). This permits Calyx & Corolla to provide fresher, longer-lasting flowers to consumers. The management of Calyx & Corolla is contemplating a shift in their long-term business strategy as they examine their ability to compete with more traditional outlets such as retail flower shops and telegram services like FTD. Ruth Owades, the founder of Calyx & Corolla, has hired Marketing Consultants (MarCo) to assess the strengths and weaknesses of her business and make recommendations on how her company can fully develop their mail order concept.BackgroundCalyx & Corolla is a small mail order flower company that was founded in 1988 by RuthOwades. Ms. Owades secured $2 million in ceiling from approximately 18 different investors in order to launch the company. By 1991, Calyx & Corolla exceeded $10 million in annual sales and Owades and her associates were reassessing the firms long-term growth strategy (Wylie and Salmon, 1991). Up to this point, Calyx & Corolla was primarily a mail order company, but management is now considering expanding their market and is unsure of how they should proceed. Recently, a well-financed venture capital-backed start-up failed and Calyx & Corolla acquired some of its assets. Another on trial competitor recently entered the market, financed by a large Japanese conglomerate.The companys success is primarily due to a few key employees. Ruth Owades plays a study part in the selection and pricing of flowers and other merchandise that appears in the catalog. Fran Wilson, the vice president of operations, is responsible for customer orders and service, day-to-day communications with growers, systems development, and finance. Ann Hayes leeward is responsible for merchandise development and catalog creation and production. She is also responsible for non-direct mail initiatives that are aimed at accelerating the growth of the business. Calyx & Corolla espouses the values and creativity of these individuals and their employees. Taking into consi... ...ists leave cost $20C&C could find (1000) floral shops interested in selling C&C products at a substantial profit.C&C would allow floral shops to keep 30% of the saleParticpating floral shops would sell (1) C&C product per weekThe average sale at the florist shop would be $47.63 (from Appendix B)The average COGS at the florist shop would be $10.95 (from Appendix B)gross revenue RevenueEstimated C&C Estimated flowered ShopNumber of Rate of Number of Sales Revenue Sales RevenueCatalogs Customer Orders per Order per Order Distributed retort Received $47.63 x 0.7 norm Sale $47.63 x 0.3 Average Sale1000 52 52000 $1,733,732 $743,028 be of Goods Sold (COGS)Number of Rate of Number of EstimatedCatalogs Customer Orders Cost of goods soldDistributed Response Received $10.95/sale1000 52 52000 $569,400Florist Derived Catalog Business Sales and Marking Costs (SMC)Number of Production & Number of Costs for Costs for Total Sales &Catalogs Mail Costs Order Shipping Handling Marketing CostsDistributed $20/Catalog Received Orders Orders per Group1000 $20,000 52000 $468,000 $260,000 $748,000Sales Revenue - COGS - SMC for Catalog Sales for C&C = $416,332

Intercultural Tensions

Theme 1) Insiders and Outsiders Although strategies for reducing intergroup tensions do exist, it is unlikely that mis at a lower regulatestandings and hostility can ever be entirely eliminated checker or disagree. Name Student Seminar Section Professor Class Course Code Due Submitted It is through extensive research in international relationships with the ever-present theme of insiders and outsiders that this essay has been cultivated. While strategies to reduce intergroup tensions exist religious, heathenish and racial reasons pull up stakes continue to cause violence and disputes in the international community and will never come to an end.For centuries, discrimination between races has caused harm in society through slavery and segregation. Ethnic cleansing, ethnic pluralism, multiculturalism and any other attempts made to lift ethnicities together or to separate them are too often the causes of disputes and wars. Religion has produced an immeasurable amount of damage world wide to society, and is one of the largest creators of separation between people. The above statements will be examined further in the following portion of the document.It will use wars, disputes, bad political decisions and the past thousand long time of history to declaim the point that intergroup tensions will al styluss exist. Religious tensions Religion is one of the greatest proponents for violence between people of all time. Christianity has caused wars since it was erected roughly two thousand years ago, not to mention, the religious wars that were fought before that time. Some explain the violence as consequences of different religions dogmas, to their specific faith. For instance, if a person lives their life enduring by the Ten Commandments and following Jesus then hey can go to heaven. However, that means that they must sacrifice their ability to steal, kill, covet thy neighbours wife, et cetera. Now, if a person from another religion is also sacrificing certain actio ns so that they can reach their promised afterlife, then there is a direct fighting on a religious basis in that monotheistic world. If these made up people both believe that there is only one god, and they are both under different expectations in order to be allowed into the holy afterlife, then of course there will be conflict.When considered on a much larger scale, the conflict becomes increasingly dangerous. The war between the United States and Iraq right now was started over religion. The Islamic terrorist organization Al-Qaeda attacked U. S. soil on September 11th 2001 in the name of Allah, which caused the U. S. to retaliate. Currently, the war is still prevailing, seven years later. There are many efforts to end the war in Iraq however after analysis of the situation, the break up is that the soldiers must stay there as a present force. Ethnic TensionsPersistent clashes among ethnicities are a major indicator of the never-ending hostility and interpret of cultures. Ethni c pluralism has caused countries to revaluate their heterogeneousness, labour migration and expulsion, which has caused interethnic catastrophes that often result in civil war. When different ethnicities start migrating into an area the locals of that land become worried about preserving their culture. This worrying, usually evolves into prohibit impacts on the community due to hostility felt towards the forced change on the locals.The term ethnicity is defined as a way to identify characteristics, much(prenominal) as cuisine, traditions, common ancestors or nationality to a specific group. From that, the volatile actions and conflicts that are disputed among ethnicities are more than understandable when considering the family involved. The sense to protect ones family may raise a person to fight, If group members are potential kinsmen, a threat to any member of the group may be seen in somewhat the uniform light as a threat to the family. (Horowitz, 1991, p. 4). The hostility against other ethnicities comes from the inherent will to protect ones family members.One of the most famous ethnic disputes is that which is fought over the Gaza Strip, maybe the longest-lasting, and still problematic ethnic clash is that of the Israelis and the Palestinians. (McCannon, 2006, p. 411). Even after establishing peace for over half a decade in the 1990s the Israelis and Palestinians returned to war with each other. The strategy of a cease-fire between Palestine and Israel temporarily stopped the war between the two countries, however, the persistency of continuous ethnic conflict prevailed. racial TensionsTensions between races are still very common all over the world and discrimination will continue to separate races. A recent subscribe proves that in the new millennium people of different colours feel the need to have more distance in between them. The traditional more abrupt style of racism is less commonly used, however, now it is a quieter type of discriminati on. The term used for the racism today is called institutional racism. It is a way of tactically disadvantaging specific races through policies and barriers to employment. It keeps the black community in the poor houses with the low paying jobs and bad health.An example of institutional discrimination hurting the ethnicities and races is bank loans. The bank has set up a agreement of which they follow in order to see who is applicable for a loan. One of the features of the banks system is calculating who is in the highest financial percentile group. Seeing as white anthropoids have dominated the business world for hundreds of years the bank considers the white young-begetting(prenominal) to be in the top percentile group. This would then give the white male the advantage for a loan over a black male because their average incomes are not as much as the white male group.The way this bank system works in the first place is only benefiting white males, which is discriminatory toward s all other races and ethnicities. The whole political and institutional system needs to be reviewed and reconstructed in order to induce equality among all races. This is unlikely to happen soon because it is a functional system, and possible replacements could wreak havoc across the U. S. So the racial discriminated against populous is leftfield to wait for a new system that is not racist. The intergroup conflict continues once again without resolve. ConclusionTo compile everything covered so far, the following are rigid proponents for why the intergroup tensions are forever existent. The religious wars that have been continuously destroying lives and whole countries for thousands of year will not ever reside in peace. The large place setting of ethnicities around the globe have the opportunity to reframe from wars and complete turmoil, however, they choose to continue fighting regardless of peace treaties. The racially discriminated against population in North America, primar ily the United States, are subjected to many more years of institutional racism.Finally, to conclude the point that has been reiterated over and over again. Even though strategies to reduce intergroup tensions do exist, the orbicular system will be plagued with hostility and misunderstandings because of religious, ethnic and racial conflicts. Works Cited 1. McCannon, J. (Ed. ). (2006). Barrons how to prepare for the ap world history advanced placement exam. New York City, New York Barrons educational Series. 2. Frymer, P. (2005). Racism revised courts, labor law and the institutional construction of racial animus. American Political Science Review. 9, 373-387, 15. 3. Gonzalez, J. C. (2007). The ordinary-ness of institutional racism the effect of history and law in the segregation and integration of Latinas /os in schools. American Educational History journal. 34, 331-345. 4. Proudford, Smith, K. K. (2003). Group membership salience and the movement of conflict reconceptualizing th e interaction among race, gender, and hierarchy. The Journal of Philosophy. 19, 223-234, 11. 5. Williams, R. M. (1947). The reduction of intergroup tensions a survey of research on problems of ethnic, racial, and religious group relations.The Annals of The American Academy. 1, 166-167, 2. 6. Wilson, J. Q. (2008). The downside of diversity. The Wilson Quarterly. 32, 67-68, 2. 7. Hughes, G. (2008). Words, war and terror.. English Today. 24, 13-17,5. 8. (2007). In gods name. The Economist. 385, 4. 9. Sekulic, D. , Massey, G. , & Hodson, R. (2006). Ethnic intolerance and ethnic conflict in the dissolution of Yugoslavia.. Ethnic & Racial Studies. 29, 797-827, 30 10. Horowitz, D L. (1991). Ethnic groups in conflict. Los Angeles, California Berkeley University Press. 1-66, 4.

Lead In Drinking Water

top is a natur everyy occurring element present in the earths crust. It is one of the most harmful environmental pollutants. It has become difficult to target for be work of its wide us mature. Over the twelvemonths it is being recitationd in gasoline, house keystone and plumbing fixtures. Lead shows adverse effects when it builds up in the body. in that respect atomic number 18 many miens in which humans argon exposed to cut through deteriorating blusher, household dust, b atomic number 18 soil, transmission line, boozing irrigate system, food, ceramics, home remedies, hair dyes and different cosmetics.Much of this poke come out is of microscopic size, invisible to the naked eye. In 1978, the federal g everyplacenment banned chip in-based paint from ho exploitation. Though the amount of pass on that is released into the environment each year has been greatly reduced by less use of leaded gas, starting in the mid-70s. Laws forbidding use of lead in house paint (197 8) and lead in plumbing solder (1986) have helped as well. Still, lead thunder mug be a problem, particularly in older homes.As a full(prenominal)ly toxic metal contaminant in drinkable irrigate, with semipublic wellness threat lead received trouble over the years. However, the old lead painted houses ar the primary source of lead contamination. Water has a combination of things in it, when it reaches home for household purposes. check to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in the f all in States 1 out of every 11 children has a dangerous level of lead in the bloodstream. The rare blood-lead levels wad be due to the drinking water bemire with lead, in spite of water being the rare primary source.Although there is no safe level of lead in water, the EPA has estimated that on total up to 20% of a childs total lead exposure can potentially be attri stilled to lead-contaminated water. Lead poisoning is dangerous for anyone of any age, but children are particularl y vulnerable because ofthe effects of lead poisoning on development. According to EPA, lead dosage that would have little effect on an adult can harm a small child. Lead in drinking water can be a problem for infants whose diet consists of liquids-such as baby verbal expression and juices mixed with water. Lead can be easily and more rapidly absorbed by children compared to the adults.Lead can cause a variety of adverse health effects when throng are exposed to it at levels above the action level even for relatively short periods of time. The effects are the same whether it is hard or swal impressioned. Very low levels of lead poisoning can cause reduced IQs learning disabilities and airal problems such as hypertension and reduced attention span in children, and often these effects are life long and irreversible. Pregnant women and young children are at the greatest risk even with short-term, low level exposures. Overexposure to lead over time can have severe health effects that can last a lifetime. Lead poisoning can cause damage to brain, kidneys, nervous system, and red blood cells. Childrens brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead, so they can have behavior and learning problems (such as hyperactivity), damage to the brain and nervous system, slowed growth, hearing problems and headaches.Because children are most vulnerable to adverse health effects from lead exposure, the adequacy of controls over lead in water supplies serving schools and child care facilities is particularly important. In adults it can cause reproductive problems, high blood pressure, digestive problems, fondness disorders, memory and concentration problems, muscle and joint pain.The Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC), Lead Poisoning Prevention Program (LPPP) in conjunction with the Office of Refugee Resettlement veritable the Lead Poisoning Prevention in Newly Arrived Refugee Children tool kit in response to the increasing numb er of refugee children entering in the United States and after developing elevated blood lead levels. CDCs Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program is committed to the Healthy People goal of eliminating elevated blood lead levels in children by 2010. CDC continues to abet state and local anaesthetic childhood lead poisoning prevention programs, to provide a scientific base of operations for policy decisions, and to ensure that health issues are addressed in decisions about housing and the environment.Other studies have shown that the intrusion of lead into the lens of the eye may cause protein conformational changes that decrease lens transparency. Now NIEHS grantee Howard Hu and colleagues at Harvard University have uncovered what could be a nonher adverse health effect with global implications cataracts. The researchers found that participants with high tibial lead were more than 2.5 times as likely to develop cataracts as men with low tibial lead (bone lead is a prise of l ong-term lead exposure). Blood lead levels, which are more indicative of short-term lead exposure, were not significantly associated with increased risk of cataract development.The contamination occurs when the water is once out from the treatment plants to the individual residences. The redevelopment lines that direct the water, certain types of plumbing materials, such as lead pipes, lead solder, brass faucets and some water meter components are responsible for the leaching of lead into drinking water. Hot water can cause the lead to leach out from lead-soldered copper pipes. The long-run that water stays in pipes, the greater the exposure to lead.Stray electrical currents from improperly grounded electrical outlets or equipment also may increase the level of lead in drinking water.Though the, Congress in1986 banned the use of solder containing more that 0.2% lead and restricted the lead content of faucets, pipes, and other plumbing materials the risk of lead contamination is no t completely removed as lead-free plumbing may contain up to 8 percent lead. Lead in the air comes from industrial emissions. Lead deposits in soils around roadways and streets from past emissions by automobiles using leaded gas, together with paint chips and lead paint dust. Lead may be found in some imported candies, medicines, dishes, toys, jewelry, and plastics.Under Safe Drinking Water Act law passed by Congress in 1974, EPA determined safe levels of chemicals in drinking water which do or may cause health problems. These non-enforceable levels, based solely on possible health risks and exposure, are called Maximum pollution Level Goals. The MCLG for lead has been set at zero because EPA believes this level of harborion would not cause any of the potential health problemsResponsibility for ensuring safe drinking water is shared by EPA, the states, and, most importantly, local water systems. In general, EPA sets standards to protect drinking water quality and to ensure the pro per operation and maintenance of public water systems. EPA also oversees state implementation of the Safe Drinking Water Act and applicable regulations where states have assumed primary responsibility for enforcement.The states ensure that local water systems meet EPA and state requirements, provide technical assistance, and take enforcement action, as necessary. In addition, the states collect information on the results of drinking water monitoring, among other things, and cover the information to EPA. At the local level, public water systems operate and maintain their facilities in accordance with federal and state requirements, periodically test the drinking water to ensure that it meets quality standards, install needed treatments, and report required information to the states.Water system cannot directly detect and remove the lead contamination in drinking water as corrosion occurs in household lead pipes. To control lead and copper in drinking water, EPA implemented a regulat ion cognise as LCR (Lead and Copper Rule) or 1991 Rule in July 1991. The main aim of this program is to monitor the drinking water for the contamination and to educate the public to take precautions to protect their health when lead concentration (15 ppb) and copper concentration (0. 3 ppm) in water exceed their action level.The LCR even replace lead service lines used to carry water from the street to the home when elevated lead levels are continued even after anti-corrosion treatment. It is compulsory that that all public water supplies should abide these regulations to meet National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. EPA regulations require that child care centers operating their own water supplies test all drinking outlets for lead. The Maximum Contaminant Level Goal for lead is 0 ppb, the EPA action level for lead in drinking water is 15 ppb. GSA requires that corrective actions be taken when lead concentrations in drinking water exceed the 15 ppb action level.EPA played a ma jor key role in distributing a list of banned coolers and publishing and distributing steering on detecting and remediating lead contamination in school drinking water supplies when the Congress banned the bring about and sale of water coolers that were not lead-free under the Lead Contamination Control Act of 1988. In addition to it EPA ordered required states to establish programs to assist local agencies in testing and correcting for lead in water supplies in schools and child care facilities.In March 2005, EPA announced a Drinking Water Lead Reduction Plan to improve and clarify specific areas of the rule and the results guidance materials. EPA proposed regulatory changes to the LCR in the following areasTreatment Processes To require that utilities report states prior to changes in treatment so that states can provide direction or require additional monitoring. EPA go out also revise existing guidance to help utilities maintain corrosion control while making treatment chan ges. Customer Awareness To require that water utilities notify occupants of the results of any testing that occurs at heart a home or facility. EPA will also seek changes to allow states and utilities to provide customers with utility-specific advice on tap flushing to reduce lead levels.Lead Service Line prudence To ensure that service lines that test below the action level are re-evaluated after any major changes to treatment which could affect corrosion control.Lead in Schools The agency will update and expand 1994 guidance on testing for lead in school drinking water. EPA will emphasize partnerships with other federal agencies, utilities and schools to protect children from lead in drinking water.Although EPA in cooperation with NSF International, state, and water industry officials succeeded in reducing lead levels by testing the water by lead rule. According to NSF, the extent to which lead leaches from products containing lead is not directly proportional to the level of le ad used in any one alloy contained in the product. NSF place several factors that contribute to the level of leaching, including the corrosiveness of the water, lead content, the extent of the leaded surface area, and the process used to manufacture the product.Lead contamination in water can not be detected normally because one cannot see, taste, or smell lead dissolved in water, Individuals who suspect the contamination of lead in their house, the only way to be sure of the amount of lead in their household water is to have it tested by a certified lab where water will be analyzed using the EPAs sampling and analysis procedures. While collecting water for analysis one should be sure to have a starting line draw sample and a fully flushed sample. The first draw sample should be collected after water has sat undisturbed for at least six hours. The first draw sample should have the highest level of lead.The fully flushed sample should be collected after the water has been course f rom the tap for several minutes, at least until the water becomes noticeably cooler. This two-sample procedure indicates whether flushing the tap can reduce the lead to safe levels. Water testing is especially important for apartment dwellers, because flushing may not be effective in high-rise buildings with lead-soldered central piping.According to the Toxics Release Inventory, from 1987 to 1993 a total of nearly 144 one thousand million lbs of lead compounds were released to land and water by lead and copper smelting industries. When released to land, lead binds to soils and does not migrate to ground water. In water, it binds to sediments. It does not accumulate in fish, but does in some shellfish, such as musselsOne can temporarily reduce lead hazards by taking actions like repairing damaged painted surfaces and planting patronize to cover soil with high lead levels. Appropriate precautions should be taken to prevent the contamination using specialized denudeing techniques th at are effective in removing lead-contaminated dust. Cleaning should be done time to time in addition to a final cleanup at the end of the job. These actions (called interim controls) are not permanent solutions and will not eliminate all risks of exposure.Peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking lead-based paint is a hazard and needs immediate attention Lead from paint chips, and lead dust, both cause serious hazards. Lead dust can form when lead-based paint is dry scraped, dry sanded, or heated. Dust also forms when painted surfaces bump or rub together. Lead chips and dust can get on surfaces and objects that people touch. Settled lead dust can reenter the air when people vacuum, sweep, or walk through it.There are many ways to reduce lead exposure at home specially for children. Precautions should be taken to prevent children away from chipping, peeling and flaking paint. Children should wash their hands before meals, snacks, nap time and bedtime and the areas where children pl ay as dust-free as possible. Care should be taken to give clean pacifiers for infants to suck. Pacifiers often and pin them on a short ribbon to the childs shirt and childrens clothes clean by changing frequently. Stuffed animals and toys should be washed regularly.Lead contaminated water can be avoided to some extent by following simple measures. Hard water can actually offer some breastplate against lead contamination because mineral build-up on the inside of pipes reduces contact between water and the lead or solder.Use only lead-free materials in all plumbing repairs or new faucets and pipes. Homes with plastic drinking water lines, which are glued rather than soldered, should not have problems with lead contamination from pipes. Before using water for drinking or preparedness, run the cold water for a minute until it is as cold as it can get. This will flush out the water that has been sitting around for awhile so lead concentration wont be as high. Also, use only cold water for drinking and cooking since hot water dissolves lead more quickly than cold water.Some precaution can be taken to prevent ourselves from continuous exposure. When renovating homes, Do not use a belt-sander, propane torch, heat gun, dry scraper, or dry sandpaper to remove lead-based paint. These actions create large amounts of lead dust and fumes. Federal law requires that contractors provide lead information to residents before renovating pre-1978 housing. Many houses and apartments built before 1978 have paint that contains lead (called lead-based paint). Landlords have to disclose known information on lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before leases take effect.Some of the activities that should be done to prevent lead contamination areCreate aerator (screen) cleaning maintenance schedule and clean debris from all accessible aerators frequently. Use only cold water for food and beverage preparation as hot will dissolve lead more quickly. apprize the users to run the water before drinking. Regularly flush the piping system in the building. The degree to which flushing helps reduce lead levels can also vary depending upon the age and condition of the plumbing and the corrosiveness of the water.Bottled water can be an expensive alternative but might be warranted if you expect or are aware of far-flung contamination and flushing is not an option. If you use bottled water, be aware that it is not regulated by EPA but rather by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Reverse osmosis units are commercially available and can be effective in removing lead. Since these devices also tend to make the water corrosive, they should only be used when placed at water outlets. Electrical current may accelerate the corrosion of lead in piping materials. Existing wires already grounded to the water pipes can possibly be removed by a qualified electrician, and replaced by an alternative grounding system.Apart from the efforts of EPA and associated bodies, as genera l public we too have some responsibility in educating people towards the adverse effects of the lead contaminated water. We should discourage people from using materials that induce lead into the environment. Care should be taken that industrial effluents are not released into the water streams and any such incidence should be reported to the concerning authority.Referencehttp//www.awwa.org/Advocacy/pressroom/lead.cfm

Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity Essay

Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity People of different religions atomic number 18 in contact with each other every day, and do not even realize it. Here in the United States there is a compilation of many religions. Three major religions not only in the United States, but also throughout the demesne are Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. there are many differences, and few similarities when comparing Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity. Not only are the backgrounds of these religions similar and different, but so are the practices that they still recognize out to this day.Hinduism originated between 4000 and 2000 BC. Hinduism believes in Karma, you reap what you sow, and reincarnation. Reincarnation is the belief that after death, the soul can come back to earth in another body. The Hindu trinity is the Brahma, Vishnu, and the Shiva, which are the three aspects of the same divine being. There are four goals in the life of a Hindu. They are Kama, Artha, Dharma, and Moksha. These mea n the fulfillment of received desires, wealth, religious duties, and not wanting things. The cow and the bull are both considered sacred and should not be slaughtered.So Hindus are forbidden from eating beef. There are many festivals affiliated with the Hindu religion, because they believe it keeps them close to their idols. At least once a month, there is a Hindu festival, where they celebrate their diversity. Islam is the split second largest religion in the world, and the fastest growing religion in the world. Islam is the belief in the Judeo-Christian God. Muslims are monotheistic, and believe in the five pillars of Islam. The five pillars are the Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and the Hajj.The Shahada means testimony, Salat is for prayer, Zakat is for giving, Sawm is for fasting, and Hajj means pilgrimage. According to Muslims, Muhammad was a cornerstone of Islam, and he was gods messenger. For Muslims, the pig is an unclean animal, and is forbidden to eat unless inclined(p) in accordance with prescribed rules. Intoxicating drinks and substances are prohibited. Christianity is a major world religion that adapted over 2000 years ago. It is the belief that Jesus of Nazareth is the son of God. The major text of Christianity is the Bible.The Bible concludes of an Old and a New Testament, and is a compilation of books. Christians have many ways of religious practices. There are festivals and feasts, which are usuall(a)y celebrated on holidays. The communal worship takes place on Sundays and other days of the week in which people from the church come together for rituals. The last is private worship, which is used when one is alone, where they can engage in prayer, devotions, and spiritual practices. Islam is a religion founded by a prophet. In contrast, Hinduism is a collection of religious traditions, established over a period of time.In Hinduism personalities do not count as much as the divine law or the dharma. So in Islam the message of Islam is far mo re important than the person of Muhammad himself. Unlike Christianity, Muslims do not worship their prophet. Unlike Islam, Hinduism is strictly monogamous. Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam all get by similarities and differences. Unlike Hinduism, Christianity and Islam share the belief of only one god. Hindus have a god for fire, death, water, etc. The practices of Christianity and Islam are sometimes in groups, while Hinduism is practiced alone. altogether three religions believe in the efficacy of prayer. But Hinduism and Islam believe in the importance of remembering and reciting the names, words, and deeds of god, for inner purification. Unlike Islam and Christianity, Hinduism has the choice of an intervener between god and a person, such as a priest or a guru for assistance. Intimate relationships are not approved of in Islam and Hinduism. Dating is considered both atheistical and immoral. In these two religions along with Christianity, premarital sex is considered immoral a lso.In conclusion all three religions share that they believe in an afterlife, and strive for immortality. For all religions death is a normal and natural thing that leads to an eternal life. Christianity and Islam are closer together then Hinduism. Mostly Europeans adopted Christianity along with Islam in the eighteenth and 19th centuries. This means that both Christianity and Islam have been influenced in some ways by the European culture. The Europeans have pulled Christianity and Islam close together while the Europeans have never influenced Hinduism, which makes Hinduism different from the other two religions.

Ducati Essay

Patrick EnglandDucati individual write up 3 Management 495 2/7/2012 Can Ducati underpin its position in the sport segment? Can Honda and other Japanese manufactures stop its growth in this segment? The ability for Ducati to sustain its position in the sport segment of motorcycles is going to dep arrest on managements ability to stay focused on keeping their attend and story alive and in the minds of the motorcycle community.If management continues its current trend I believe that they tummy sustain their position, although there are challenges posed by the Japanese firms and changes in Ducati itself can also play a role in their ability to maintain their growth and position as the high end advanced sport bikes. Ducatis decision to move from a mechanical participation to an entertainment company could be the source of its success or its failure.The company to this point in 2001 had become known for their exotic engineering and design, focusing on beating the completion by any mean s, even if it involved producing a bike that many might call ugly or not the traditional motorcycle, so Ducati was running the risk of turning away the very customers and removing the calculate that had built them to the company they had become.But the decision made by Minoli, to become more of an entertainment company and to produce products that could be attractable by a wider variety of customers could also spur growth and market share that the company desperately wanted and needed if it was going to continue to compete with the Japanese bikes.I believe that if the management at Ducati can continue to make this turnaround hold and follow through with the goals laid out in it, then yes they can sustain their position, although any deviation or getting lack in the respects of implementing these long term goals will in my opinion hurt them greatly, for it is the chain and the brand that Ducati represents that makes their products wanted.If they try too hard to copy the functions a nd company structure of competitors they very well may be destroying their core competitive advantage of assure and product uniqueness. Japanese manufactures have been pushing hard in the sport market and have the capital and business structure to make a well(p) fledge effort to take market share in the sport division.Honda and others have the ability to mimic the aspects of Ducati that have made them so revered by customers (mainly new technology and exotic styling) while still maintain their reliability and cost advantage. They will still continue to struggle with the cookie cutter prototype that has plagued them throughout their history, and I believe that if they can try to separate products in their sport division and create the image of uniqueness and exoticness that people assort with Ducati, then they definitely can pose a serious threat.